Hardware Security Module

Hardware Security Module — A hardened device designed to generate, protect and use cryptographic keys in a controlled environment.

Why Hardware Security Module matters in finance

HSMs protect high-value keys used in payments, authentication and financial infrastructure.

Security is also a market-infrastructure question

In financial services, hardware security module should be understood in relation to operational continuity, data integrity, payments, market infrastructure and interconnected dependencies. A control can be technically effective while still leaving material resilience risk if critical services cannot continue or recover during disruption.