Singapore Financial Architecture Database

Non-tradable government securities issued specifically to CPF Board, linking household retirement savings to the Government balance sheet.

How CPF savings become Government liabilities and how the proceeds enter Singapore’s consolidated investment architecture.

The benchmark mechanism used to determine the Ordinary Account interest rate, including the statutory floor.

How Special, MediSave and Retirement Account rates connect to the 10-year SGS yield and the applicable floor.

The fixed-income instruments CPF members may access under CPFIS and how this differs from the SSGS mechanism.

How CPF LIFE premiums are invested through Special Singapore Government Securities.

How SSGS proceeds, fiscal surpluses and other Government funds are pooled before long-term investment.

What Singapore’s Government Statement of Assets and Liabilities records — and why it is not the same as national reserves.

The constitutional concept covering reserves accumulated during previous terms of Government.

Reserves accumulated during the current term and their role in Singapore’s constitutional fiscal framework.

The constitutional safeguard requiring Presidential concurrence for specified uses of Past Reserves.

The key statutory boards and Government companies whose Past Reserves receive separate constitutional protection.

The securities used when excess MAS official foreign reserves are transferred to the Government for longer-term investment.

How excess official foreign reserves can move from MAS to the Government without being treated as fiscal spending.

Why proceeds from land sales are treated differently from ordinary recurrent revenue in Singapore’s reserves framework.

The constitutional framework behind the investment-return contribution to the Budget, distinct from a general NIRC explainer.

Singapore’s high-value payment and settlement infrastructure for Singapore-dollar payments and securities-related settlement.

The infrastructure for near-real-time electronic Singapore-dollar transfers between participating institutions.

The addressing layer that lets users route eligible payments using proxies rather than bank account numbers.

Singapore’s securities depository and a core component of the post-trade infrastructure around SGX-listed securities.

How eligible securities trades settle through electronic book entries rather than physical certificates.

The clearing layer connecting executed securities trades to settlement obligations.

The central clearing architecture supporting derivatives traded or cleared through SGX infrastructure.

The standard intended settlement cycle for many ready-market securities trades in Singapore.

The standing liquidity framework available to eligible financial institutions at the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

The liquidity arrangements that support payment settlement during the business day.

Central-bank bills used as part of liquidity management and money-market operations.

The secured funding market in which securities are exchanged against Singapore-dollar cash.

The use of Singapore Government Securities as collateral in repurchase transactions and market liquidity.

Short-term Singapore-dollar funding between financial institutions and its place in domestic liquidity transmission.

How overnight SORA observations are compounded for use in loans, securities and derivatives, distinct from the existing SORA-OIS explainer.

The swap and derivatives layer used to transfer or hedge Singapore-dollar interest-rate risk.

The policy framework governing certain Singapore-dollar financing activities involving non-residents.

How Singapore-dollar liquidity can be accessed outside purely domestic transactions and where policy constraints matter.

Singapore’s historical and continuing role as a centre for foreign-currency banking and offshore intermediation.

The historical accounting framework associated with Singapore’s offshore banking market and its evolution.

The Singapore framework used by multinational groups to centralise treasury, funding and risk-management activities.

Singapore’s corporate fund structure designed for investment funds, including umbrella and sub-fund arrangements.

The legal and market infrastructure supporting Singapore-domiciled investment funds and regional asset-management activity.

Singapore’s role in renminbi clearing, funding and cross-border financial activity without duplicating general China pages.

A foreign-bank access category within Singapore’s banking framework with specified privileges and obligations.

The Singapore banking licence category focused on wholesale and institutional banking activities.

The regulatory category covering institutions focused on corporate finance, advisory and wholesale financial activity.

Singapore’s digital-bank licence model for institutions permitted to serve retail as well as business customers.

The digital-bank model focused on non-retail customer segments and wholesale banking activity.

The framework for banks whose disruption could have a significant impact on Singapore’s financial system.

The statutory protection framework for eligible deposits at participating institutions.

The legal and supervisory tools for managing a failing financial institution while limiting systemic disruption.